How do you build a sustainable culture of continuous improvement?
Rhys Green • July 14, 2020

Well executed continuous improvement initiatives are proven to deliver sustainable competitive advantage. How do you make sure they stick?

Process improvement methods such as Lean, Kaizen, Six Sigma and Agile are methods that are proven to result in increased efficiency and costs. However, applying these methods and having them result in continuous improvement is often rare. Out of a study of 204 improvement projects completed, about half of them had regressed. After two years, it reduces to one in three. Why is that the case? I don't think the answer is simple, but I do believe that there are crucial aspects that need to be considered and maintained long term for the change to stick which include: 

 

1. Employee Involvement: 

This is an essential aspect. Frontline workers are the closest to the work and often have the most fruitful insights into how details can be improved that senior level employees normally wouldn't see. Capturing these details is incredibly important in maintaining a positive customer journey. 


For example, let's imagine a call center agent was having difficulty inputting key details into a CRM platform pertinent to an order. This might impact other workers dealing with the client resulting in disorganized delivery of the service or order, poor customer experience and potential loss in revenue long term. The small details matter. 


2. Maintaining Senior Leadership Support and Buy In:

At times, process improvement is seen as finite. Meaning, momentum and enthusiasm dissipates when leadership focus is shifted to other projects. Although a new process change may be regarded as a project with an initial start and end date, it doesn't mean that we regard it as finished when implemented. 


Process Improvement should be considered as a “habit” and having senior leadership dedicate time and support ignites fellow employees to maintain ongoing support. One way to help build a culture of improvement is having senior leaders regularly immersed into the project. For instance, holding “accountability” meetings. What this might look like is the partnership of both senior leaders and others presenting wins, failures, challenges with supporting data. Oftentimes, this results in people opening up and having an honest dialogue about where they stand on the project, which inevitably ignites accountability and buy in. 


3. Transparency and Knowledge Sharing:

Departments across large scale companies can often work in silos. They may have their own set of internal processes on their team that works for them. But, it is crucial that teams understand the challenges and initiatives that their fellow departments are working on. Perhaps one team has knowledge of a critical piece that would vastly improve a new project or process change.


One way to improve cross departmental transparency is to make your project goals and intentions public. Tailor the content to all individuals including project justification and data. One example of how I have effectively managed to involve other departments is by communicating my strategy, holding a “kick off” meeting and explaining what is in it for each department. “Continuous Improvement” is a universal term, however ensuring that all departments included understand how this impacts their role and internal processes is essential. 


4. Standardize the work: 

Perhaps one of the most under utilized “Lean” tactics is standardization. In order for the process improvements to last, they must be standardized and repeatable. This will ultimately create a baseline for improvement. The benefits of standardized work include documentation of the current state, future state, easier training for new hires and reduction in variability. What I enjoy about standardizing work is the ability to problem solve with my fellow co-workers. 


An example of standardization that has worked for me is ensuring I have clearly documented best practices. These best practices can then be utilized by frontline workers, senior leadership members and for training new hires. Once you have these best practices, you can iterate on them and re assess if they are still relevant and need to change.


5. Focus on Negative Neutral and Positive Cases:

When you're trying to understand where to apply “Continuous Improvement” I find it helpful to examine not only negative processes within your business but also neutral and positive cases. 


1. Neutral 

Neutral cases are processes that don't seem to be causing obvious negative results but are processes that have remained the same for long periods of time. Perhaps you haven't focused on them because it is hard to pinpoint obvious improvements. It is easier to let these remain the same, but honing in on these often results in powerful brainstorming.


2. Positive

Positive cases can be helpful in understanding what you did right and how to replicate that among other processes. Can you take certain best practices from other departments and replicate that in your own? Can we iterate on this and take it to the next level? Is there someone in the office that has fostered positive process change that we can learn from? 


As you can see completing a project related to process improvement is often the easiest aspect, however maintaining continuous improvement is both rare and complex. It takes inventiveness, fortitude, dedication and support. It is often easier to let our current processes remain the same without question then it is to change, re-asses and re-invent. The outcome of utilizing the tactics I have outlined in this blog often result in knowledge sharing, best practice creation while fostering a culture of Continuous Improvement. 


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1. Make faster decisions Waiting is 1 of the 8 types of waste. If you’re unfamiliar, these are like the 7 (or 8 I guess) deadly sins of efficiency. There is seldom a Team Operations workshop that goes by without 80%+ leaders attending identifying waiting on decisions in their top 3 types of team waste. The quicker we can make decisions the less down time a team member who has a small breadth of tasks to work on and nothing to switch to, will have. For those team members who can switch tasks there is still a cost. Some studies have cited up to 40% productivity loss due to task switching. So if we can make fast decisions and help keep your team focused in the moment there is huge productivity upside. 2. Create and guard meeting free time Shopify recently made headlines for cutting close to 400k of hours out of their business by reducing meetings. You don’t have to save that many hours to have a meaningful impact on your team's productivity. You also don’t need the entire company to cut out meetings to have an impact. Even having a rule that’s specific only to your team like, Wednesday mornings between 9 & Noon we don’t accept meetings, can have a huge impact. On a team of 10 in a large organization stringing together 30 hours a week or productive time will change the game. But don’t just take my word for it. ‘Meetings and More’ published in 2014 in the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology found that by reducing meeting load, teams were able to reduce the associated exhaustion and increase overall productivity significantly. 3. Find individual time of day productivity There’s a great book on this very topic by Dan Pink, which I’d highly recommend. In case you don’t have time for reading books. Which, let’s face it, you don’t. Here is most of what you need to know. There is a theory that we all have times of day at which we are most likely to peak our productivity. I know I personally have a golden window (which is what I called it before I knew it was an actual thing, researched by science types) between 7am and 11am when I am at my most productive with the least amount of effort. The productivity gains can be huge in helping people find their own peak productivity timing. There’s even a free online survey they can take to help them figure it out more easily. Although my experience has been that once you talk about this concept most people are like “ahhhhh that makes so much sense, I think mine is x”. 4. Teach them about habits I used to smoke… I know gross. And two things helped me stop. I noticed that people who drove nice cars didn’t smoke and I wanted a nice car I learned about habits and how to manage them. Now I don’t know if point 1 is true, or just something my brain did to help me. If it’s the latter, thanks brain. But I do know point 2 has a mountain of evidence to support its efficacy (including my own personal experience) in increasing productivity and helping teams of people hit their goals. Again there are some great books on this. But the basics of what you need to know are in the image of the habit loop (from The Power of Habit). Additionally my experience in talking to team members about habit change says there are two places you’ll need to guide them most. Habits are better shifted not removed. If you’ve got a habit that’s not serving you. You’re better off trying to replace it than stop it. Remove Barriers. We’re all pretty lazy by nature. So if we really want to set a new habit we need to remove the things that make it harder to do. Kind of like that episode of the Simpsons when they lose Homer but Marge knows he will be at the bottom of the hill. Because he will always choose the easiest way. We’ve gotta make the better habit the easier habit. 5. Help them see their habits Tasha Eurich talks about self awareness. Her stats highlight just how self aware we think we are. And just how self aware we actually aren’t. To that end, through active observation and feedback we can help our teams improve their productivity by showing them the habits that aren’t serving them, that they probably can’t see. Habits are funny like that. Because we do them automatically and they’re often triggered by something other than our intent, we don’t see them. Then we wonder why we can’t hit our goals. If you’ve got a sales person whose first action upon arriving at the office is to grab a coffee and chat with someone for 20 minutes, they’re probably not trying to get out of making their dials. They’re probably just set in a habit that’s not serving them. Show them that a better habit would be to sit at their desk right away, get their dials done and then reward themselves with a coffee at the end to reinforce the loop. 6. Get rid of non-essential tasks Have you ever had a team member leave and been surprised by some of the stuff they were working on? We all have, don’t worry. I call it Task Debt. But I’m sure someone, somewhere has researched it and has a better name for it. And we all have it. It’s so common, particularly for long tenured and diligent team members to just collect tasks and keep doing them without really thinking about whether they still need to get done. It’s worthwhile doing a periodic task audit. Make sure you’re very clear at the beginning, that no one is getting fired (unless they might be in which case don’t lie about it). Then have all your team members keep a task log for a week or two (whatever time frame makes sense for the timelines tasks typically recur on, on your team). Go through them all as a group and include any stakeholders you’re team is delivering stuff to. Rate them on impact and effort. Get rid of all the low impact items. Comment Gimme and I’ll DM you the task log we use @trailblaze Partners. Repeat every 6 months or so. 7. Be clear about what good looks like Kinda the same reason as point 6, but on the non-recurring end of the spectrum. You ask a team member if they think the team needs to hire a new team member. 3 weeks later you’ve forgotten you asked for their opinion and they show you the deck they’ve prepared that makes the business case for the new hire, a list of potential candidates and it’s all presented with beautiful graphics and a wonderfully curated soundtrack. Should have been more clear you were just looking for a quick gut check. Again we’ve all been here. On both ends. The best way to avoid this is to be really clear about what you’re asking for and what good looks like. In this case, good was just “hey what’s your immediate reaction to this thing”, not I need a deck I can take to the board so we can hire this person ASAP. 8. Make Resources Easier to Find “Oh yeah, we’ve got that somewhere. Just ask Jimmy I’m sure he’ll know where it is” Your team member then goes on to spend the next hour looking for the JD template, when they could have probably just written a completely new one in that time. I’m terrible for this one. Jerry is great. Our shared folders in Google Drive are so well organized. Now I can never figure out the organization system. But that’s a lot less to do with its quality and a lot more to do with my memory for those types of things. All that’s to say, things like folder systems, document naming conventions etc can save hours every day. Particularly if you have a team that needs to reference a lot of different documents really regularly. It also guards against losing Jimmy’s knowledge when he leaves. 9. Remove Steps from tasks Short cuts get a bad rap. And similarly to habits, when we’ve been doing something a certain way for a long time it gets really difficult to see it for what it is. My wife gives me shit about this all the time. I drive the slowest way home from picking our girls up from school so often. Mostly because I’m just not concentrating and taking the route I have always taken. She is always hunting for the fastest way, finding new roads with more lanes or better turning lights. Process is the same. For the most repetitive and time consuming tasks. Sit down with your team members and go through them together step by step. Ask yourselves the question, why do we need this steep? What does it add for the rest of the process? Could we deliver the same value without it? The answers to these questions will help you decide what you can get rid of and what has to stay. 10. Give them more breaks/insist they take breaks - Recharge policy In 2016 there was a study published proving what most of us already know. Taking breaks helps us get more done. It was called Give Me a Better Break. The irony here is that I have now been writing for about 3 hours straight. 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Suffice to say, things like exercising and meditation have evidence to support their positive impact on productivity (Conner & Puetz 2018, Serhan & Sedak 2019) and make up just some of the many tools in the Mental Fitness tool belt. 12. Matching Work Types to Intrinsic Motivation This last one is a little less tactical, but no less impact-i-ful (see what I did there?) When we get to know our team members, what they love to do, when they’re working but feel like they’re at play, we can begin to help them find more of those tasks. This is what’s known as intrinsic motivation. The stuff we do just because we like to, because it feels good, because it taps into our higher order needs. Things like the need for Autonomy, Purpose and Mastery. But this is why I saved it for last. It’s probably the most difficult to do well. It requires a very open and honest relationship with your team members and a role that’s exceptionally well suited to what they’re good at/like to do.. There’s way more to it than I could fit in a single short form post like this. But it’s worth a mention, and will hopefully get you going down that lane to learn more about it yourself.
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